Selasa Julai 21, 2009
Gerhana matahari separa di Malaysia esok
KUALA LUMPUR: Gerhana matahari separa akan dapat dilihat di Malaysia secara minimum pagi esok.
Gerhana matahari separa itu, yang amat sukar dicerap dengan mata kasar, akan berlaku pada 8.23 pagi dan berakhir pada 9.48 pagi.
"Bagaimanapun hanya lebih kurang 17.8 peratus sahaja kawasan permukaan Matahari akan ditutupi oleh bulan semasa Gerhana Separa itu berlaku," kata Ketua Unit Penyelidikan Sains Angkasa (UPSA) ANGKASA, Mhd Fairos Asillam, dalam satu kenyataan hari ini.
Kawasan Utara Semenanjung Malaysia merupakan kawasan yang terbaik untuk mencerap gerhana matahari separa itu, katanya.
Dalam abad ini, penduduk Malaysia akan dapat menikmati Gerhana Matahari Separa pada 15 Januari 2010, 9 Mac 2016 dan 26 Disember 2019, katanya.
Kejadian gerhana itu berikutan berlakunya fenomena gerhana matahari penuh, yang merupakan gerhana matahari terpanjang di abad ini.
Fenomena astronomi yang juga akan berlaku esok akan dapat disaksikan oleh penduduk Bumi di mana laluan gerhana itu meliputi hampir separuh kawasan Bumi.
Mhd Fairos berkata bayangan umbra bulan (bahagian bayang yang sangat gelap) akan mula memasuki laluannya di India dan seterusnya akan melalui Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar dan China.
Apabila laluan gerhana itu melepasi benua Asia, ia akan melalui Pulau Ryukyu di Jepun dan melalui Lautan Pasifik dengan masa maksimum semasa gerhana penuh mencapai 6 minit 39 saat, katanya.
Mhd Fairos berkata ANGKASA akan menghantar tiga orang pegawai untuk membuat penyelidikan dan pengambilan data dan imej gerhana (fotografi dan videografi) semasa berlakunya fenomena gerhana matahari itu di Jinshan, Shanghai, China.
Ini kerana mengikut statistik, cuaca dan litupan awan di China lebih baik berbanding dengan kawasan lain.
Selain daripada ANGKASA, beberapa kumpulan daripada Malaysia akan turut menyertai Ekspedisi Gerhana di beberapa kawasan di China antaranya Universiti Malaya, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (Jakim), Persatuan Falak Syarie Malaysia, Stargazer Scientific dan Falak Online, katanya.
Rakyat Malaysia boleh bersama-sama menyertai dan menikmati Gerhana Matahari Penuh itu esok dengan melayari laman web yang membuat siaran langsung secara webcasting seperti www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/2009/index.html, www.saros.org/index.html, www.liveeclipse.org dan www.eclipsetv.com. BERNAMA
Tuesday, July 21, 2009
Thursday, July 16, 2009
nota kimia
RATE OF REACTION
(The speed of chemical reaction ) Fast or slow
How to measure the rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction = amount of a reactant used up divide by
Time taken
Rate of reaction = amount of a product formed divide by
Time taken
Factors affecting the rate of reaction
1. The Size of reactant
2. The concentration of the solution
3. The temperature
4. The catalyst
Application of factors that affect the rate of reaction
1. Cooking food of smaller pieces
2. Acid rain-heavy industrialized area ,concentration of acid high
3. Cooking of food in a pressure cooker
4. Industrial process- Haber process used iron
Contact process used vanadium pentoxide
Collision Theory
(particles of reactant must collide with each other to react)
1.Particles must have correct orientation
2. Particles must have minimum amount of energy
Activation energy
The minimum amount of enegy for the particels to react
The activation energy can be shown in an energy profile diagram
(The speed of chemical reaction ) Fast or slow
How to measure the rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction = amount of a reactant used up divide by
Time taken
Rate of reaction = amount of a product formed divide by
Time taken
Factors affecting the rate of reaction
1. The Size of reactant
2. The concentration of the solution
3. The temperature
4. The catalyst
Application of factors that affect the rate of reaction
1. Cooking food of smaller pieces
2. Acid rain-heavy industrialized area ,concentration of acid high
3. Cooking of food in a pressure cooker
4. Industrial process- Haber process used iron
Contact process used vanadium pentoxide
Collision Theory
(particles of reactant must collide with each other to react)
1.Particles must have correct orientation
2. Particles must have minimum amount of energy
Activation energy
The minimum amount of enegy for the particels to react
The activation energy can be shown in an energy profile diagram
Wednesday, July 15, 2009
Sudut kimia
Tips kimia
Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
Effects of consuming food rich in saturated and
unsaturated fats on health
Fat is very important in the diet. The major function of fats
is energy storage. A gram of fat stores more than twice as much
energy as a gram of starch. A layer of fat beneath the skin insulates
the body.
A diet rich in saturated fats is one of several factors that may
contribute to the cardiovascular disease known as atherosclerosis.
Consumption of unsaturated fat is good for health.
Unsaturated fat can lower cholesterol concentrations in blood. It
can also eliminate cholesterol in saturated fat and carry it to the
liver to be decomposed.
FAT
Organic carbon compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
SATURATED FATS
1 Obtained from animals
2 Have single bonds between the carbon atoms in their carbon chain
3 Have higher hydrogen to carbon ratio
4 Exists as solids at room temperature
5 Have higher melting points
l Have high cholesterol content
Examples: Cow fat, butter, ghee
UNSATURATED FATS
l Obtained from plants
2 Have double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms in their carbon chain
3 Have lower hydrogen to carbon ratio
4.Exists as liquids at room temperature
5 Have lower melting points
6 Have low cholesterol content
7 Examples: Palm oil,coconut oil, peanutoil, soya oil, corn oil and olive oil
Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
Effects of consuming food rich in saturated and
unsaturated fats on health
Fat is very important in the diet. The major function of fats
is energy storage. A gram of fat stores more than twice as much
energy as a gram of starch. A layer of fat beneath the skin insulates
the body.
A diet rich in saturated fats is one of several factors that may
contribute to the cardiovascular disease known as atherosclerosis.
Consumption of unsaturated fat is good for health.
Unsaturated fat can lower cholesterol concentrations in blood. It
can also eliminate cholesterol in saturated fat and carry it to the
liver to be decomposed.
FAT
Organic carbon compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
SATURATED FATS
1 Obtained from animals
2 Have single bonds between the carbon atoms in their carbon chain
3 Have higher hydrogen to carbon ratio
4 Exists as solids at room temperature
5 Have higher melting points
l Have high cholesterol content
Examples: Cow fat, butter, ghee
UNSATURATED FATS
l Obtained from plants
2 Have double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms in their carbon chain
3 Have lower hydrogen to carbon ratio
4.Exists as liquids at room temperature
5 Have lower melting points
6 Have low cholesterol content
7 Examples: Palm oil,coconut oil, peanutoil, soya oil, corn oil and olive oil
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